Bipolar Disorder ( Bd ) - 2178 Words

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe and chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by alternating episodes of major depression and mania. Episodes of mania are characterized by a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated mood and increased goal-oriented activity lasting at least one week. Diagnostic criteria for BD have shown two subsets of BD (BD I and BD II), which are differentiated by the severity of the manic episodes. BD I is characterized by traditional manic episodes while BD II is characterized by hypomanic episodes, which are less severe than manic episodes, experienced in BD I. Major depressive episodes are characterized by pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and anhedonia (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In the United States, BD has a lifetime and 12-month prevalence of approximately 5% (Merikangas et al., 2007) and has been ranked in the top six most debilitating illnesses in the world (Sanchez-Moreno et al. , 2009). BD is likely to result from interactions between genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors that cause a widespread dysfunction across a wide range of neurobiological systems with current theories suggesting that BD can be conceptualized as a disorder of neuroplasticity (Machado-Vieira et al., 2014). Patients with BD undergoing manic episodes tend toward high goal setting with generally unrealistic high success expectations (Johnson, 2005). Further, manic BD patients showShow MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bd )1879 Words   |  8 PagesBipolar disorder (BD), or manic depression, is one of the oldest mental illnesses, first being documented in 1st Century Greece by Aretaeus of Cappadocia. He first noted the link between mania and depression that is so characteristic of the disease. As the years progressed the disease changed names from â€Å"mania† and â€Å"melancholia† during Ancient Greece and Rome, to â€Å"manico-melancolicus† in the 17th century, â€Å"lafolie circulaire† in 1851, and now, finally, â€Å"bipolar† as defined by the American PsychiatricRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bd )1954 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the biggest causes of disability in the world (National Institute of Mental Health). Also known as manic depression, bipolar disorder is a psychological disorder that causes drastic changes in the individual’s behaviour and mood. Bipolar disorder is a mix of high, elevated moods and low, depressive ones. During elevated moods, a person will feel more energetic, impulsive or have racing thoughts. During depressive moods, the person will have feelingsRead MoreBipolar I Disorder ( Bd )976 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper focuses on bipolar I disorder, previously known as manic-depressive illness. It includes the definition and characteristics, neurobiology and pathophysiology, psychological and environmental factors about the disorder. There is also a brief description about nursing interventions. Next, two evidence-based research papers will be presented. Additionally, there will be a summary on two audiovisual films that focused on b ipolar I disorder. Lastly, there is a brief discussion about personalRead MoreTreatment Of Bipolar Disorder ( Bd )2033 Words   |  9 PagesElectroconvulsive therapy in bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder (BD), previously known as manic depression, is a recurrent mental illness first described by Jules Farlet in 1854 as Folie Circulaire (circular insanity) (Ghouse, Sanches, Zunta-Soares, Swann Soares, 2013). BD is known to affect ones mood, from feeling depressed to manic episodes, such as feeling very high and overactive. BD usually occurs in young adulthood (average age of 25 years) and is relatively equal in men and women, and causesRead MoreWhat Bipolar I Disorder ( Bd )1529 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When people are asked what bipolar I disorder (BD) is, responses often include, â€Å"Sometimes they’re really normal and then they get super mad,† â€Å"drastic mood swings,† â€Å"they’re psychotic,† â€Å"one can be very happy and excited but can also experience depression,† and the list is endless. Often, individuals who suffer with BD are stigmatized and discriminated. The following piece is part of a poem called â€Å"You and Me† written by Debbie Sesula, â€Å"...If you get angry /You’re considered upset/Read MoreEffect Of N Acetyl Cysteine ( Nac ) On The Cognitive Functions Of Bipolar Disorder ( Bd )863 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle is a study conducted on the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on the cognitive functions in bipolar disorder (BD). This article informs the readers that BD, a disorder characterized by extreme mood swings of mania and depression. BD is also found to alter cognitive functions. The use of NAC as a form of treatment is an adjunct therapy for the symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as NAC intake showed an increase in antioxidant and glutathione levels, decrease inflammatory cytokinesRead MoreFibromyalgia And Bipolar Disorder : Extent Of Comorbidity And Therapeutic Implications1109 Words   |  5 PagesFibromyalgia and Bipolar Disorder: extent of comorbidity and therapeutic implications ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that affects muscles and soft tissues. Symptoms include chronic muscle pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and painful trigger points and and psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. In particular, there is strong evidence of comorbidity of FM and Bipolar Disorder (BD). Therefore, adequate psychiatricRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1010 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction/Overview of Condition Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness (SMI) characterized by dramatic mood â€Å"swings† between manic and depressed states. In their manic states, individuals experience an abnormally elevated mood characterized by extreme, grandiose gestures and ideas, inflated self-esteem, lack of sleep, constant talking, distractibility, poor judgement, and even aggression (Griggs). Individuals can be characterized as having either a hypomanic episode or a manic episodeRead MoreEssay about The Research on Bipolar Disorder1673 Words   |  7 Pagescity it strives for order and efficiency. However a patient with Bipolar Disorder has a very chaotic type of brain function; causing changes in mood and sometimes suicidal thoughts Bipolar Disorder is a common psychiatric mood disorder that is defined by recurrent episodes of abnormally elevated mood and depression, changes in energy and, the ability to carry out day to day tasks. (Joel, Jakosson and colleges) â€Å"Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic disease with high risk of relapse. This disease alsoRead MoreBipolar And Related Disorders : Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1669 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar and related disorders are lifelong perplexing mental illnesses that are difficult to diagnose and treat. Bipolar illness is a chronic shifting of extreme euphoria (mania) and deep sadness or hopelessness (depressive) episodes, complicated by comorbidities and the potential for poor health outcomes. The occurrence of bipolar disorder (BD) throughout the adult population in the United States is reported to be approximately 5.7 million people each year, with a lifetime prevalence of 3.9 percent